Analysis of Budget Trend for Health Schemes of Chhattisgarh: with Special Context to Nutrition Food Program and Leprosy Control

 

Nilima Toppo¹, Dr. D.N. Verma², Dr. B.L. Sonekar³

¹Research Scholar, Economics, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur

²Additional Director, Raipur

 

ABSTRACT:

Chhattisgarh state is currently facing several challenges related to health and nutrition. Malnutrition and control of leprosy is major health issues in Chhattisgarh. In this research work the social impact of expenditure on nutrition program and leprosy control in Chhattisgarh will be analysed. This is done in view of understanding the outcomes of the programs that has been run by government to tackle malnutrition and spread of Leprosy in Chhattisgarh. From the analysis, it can be deduced that Correlation coefficient indicates that the expenditure and the number of beneficiaries from the nutrition food program is having a significant positive correlation, but the strength of relationship is low, this might be due to technical hurdles involved in implementation of programs on ground, but still the strength of relationship can be improved. Leprosy cases were frequent in Chhattisgarh, the prevalence rate was needed to be controlled. The flow of expenditure on control of leprosy has resulted in decreased prevalence rate of leprosy in the state thus indicating the improvement in health condition of residents of Chhattisgarh

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Health achievement for the state is the best indicator of how much the people in the state is wellbeing [1] . This is better indicator than any other conventional macroeconomic measure. The health of the people of the state is the best indicator for the growth of the state and the development of the state [2]. It can be easily said that health status of the state is indicator of states overall growth and development. The state can be big or small, new or old, rich or poor, the health status of the state indicates how the state has performed earlier, is performing now and how it will perform in the future.

 

Chhattisgarh was created in year 2000 by dividing the Madhyapradesh state in two parts. The state has over 2.5 crore population, it is ranked as 16^th most populated state in India [5].Majority of population in Chhattisgarh state is tribal and lives in remote areas were the availability of primary health centre is a severe challenge [6].

 

Chhattisgarh state is currently facing several challenges related to health and nutrition. Majority of the population that is suffering from the problem of malnutrition is belonging to non-adult age group. Low nutrition diet and high dependency on rice based foods with no diversity

in diet has led to severe malnutrition in Chhattisgarh state. Environmental conditions have also led to spread of chronic diseases in Chhattisgarh with hygiene practices of lower standards only adding to severity of health situations.

 

In this research work the social impact of expenditure on nutrition program and leprosy control in Chhattisgarh will be analysed. This is done in view of understanding the outcomes of the programs that has been run by government to tackle malnutrition and spread of Leprosy in Chhattisgarh.

 

METHODOLOGY:

For the research work ancillary data is used. The data so collected was analysed using the following methods.

1.    Slope analysis – Y=mX+C, where Y is the variable under consideration, X is the time and C is the intercept on Y axis, m is the slope of the line and is indicator whether the variable under consideration is growing or declining with respect to time.

2.    Correlation Coefficient – It was used to determine whether the variables are having an any relationship among them and what is strength of relationship among variables.

 

ANALYSIS:

Table 1 Number of Nutrition Food Program in Chhattisgarh

Year	Number of Nutrition Food Program
2005-2006	152
2006-2007	158
2007-2008	158
2008-2009	163
2009-2010	163
2010-2011	163
2011-2012	163

Source: Statistical Abstract of Various Year

 

Figure 1 Trend for Number of Nutrition Food Program in Chhattisgarh

From the table 1 it is evident that the number of nutritious food programs that were in year 2005-2006 in state of Chhattisgarh was 152, in the year 2006-2007 it was 158, in the year 2007-2008 it was 158, in the year 2008-2009 it was 163, in the year it was 2009-2010 it was 163, in the year 2010-2011 it was 163, in the year 2011-2012 it was 163. The number of nutrition program grew from 158 to 163 in the year 2008-2009 this was done to boost up the recovery from nutrition deficiency that was prevalent in the Chhattisgarh especially among the children group of 0-5 years. Using the slope fitting method, it was noticed that the number of nutrition programs grew at a rate of 1.714 programs per year during the study phase considered in this study.

 

Table 2 Number of Beneficiaries from Nutrition food program in Chhattisgarh

Year	Number of Beneficiaries (in lakhs)
2005-2006	19.27
2006-2007	21.9
2007-2008	30.38
2008-2009	31.37
2009-2010	23.62
2010-2011	24.93
2011-2012	25.38

Source: Statistical Abstract of Various Year

 

Figure 2 Trend for Number of Beneficiaries

 

From the table 2 it is evident that number of beneficiaries that were benefited from the nutritious food program in the year 2005-2006 in state of Chhattisgarh was 19.27 Lakhs,in the year 2006-2007 it was 21.9Lakhs, in the year 2007-2008 it was 30.38Lakhs, in the year 2008-2009 it was 31.37Lakhs, in the year it was 2009-2010 it was 23.62Lakhs, in the year 2010-2011 it was 24.93Lakhs, in the year 2011-2012 it was 25.38Lakhs. Analysing trend in the number of beneficiaries it was deduced that the number of beneficiaries was growing at a rate of 62960 beneficiaries per year. This was obtained from the slope analysis method.

 

Table 3 Expenditure on nutrition food program in Chhattisgarh

Year	Expenditure (Lakh Rupees)
2005-2006	7129.94
2006-2007	7248.28
2007-2008	17188.22
2008-2009	18362.4
2009-2010	21324.67
2010-2011	25938.16
2011-2012	30150.63

Source: Statistical Abstract of Various Year

 

From the table 3 it is evident that the expenditure that was incurred on the nutritious food program in the year 2005-2006 in the state of Chhattisgarh was 7129.94 Lakh Rupees, in the year 2006-2007 it was 7248.28Lakh Rupees, in the year 2007-2008 it was 17188.22Lakhs Rupees, in the year 2008-2009 it was 18362.4Lakhs Rupees, in the year it was 2009-2010 it was 21324.67Lakh Rupees, in the year 2010-2011 it was 25938.16Lakh Rupees, in the year 2011-2012 it was 30150.63Lakh Rupees.The expenditure incurred on nutritious food program is growing at a rate of 39.49 Crore Rupees per annum. This was obtained using slope analysis method.

 

From the above three analyses, it can be deduced that the variable under consideration are showing a positive trend. The expenditure incurred on nutrition food program is increasing andthe number of beneficiaries getting benefited from these programs is increasing. A correlation analysis will result in the determination of the strength of relationship between the expenditure incurred and the number of people getting benefited from the program.

 

Table 4 Correlation Statistics between Number of beneficiaries and the expenditure incurred on nutrition food program

	Number of Beneficiaries (in lakhs)	Expenditure (Lakh Rupees)
Number of Beneficiaries (in lakhs)	1
Expenditure (Lakh Rupees)	0.407316223	1

 

 

From table 4, it is evident that the correlation coefficient between the variables, i.e. number of beneficiaries and the expenditure incurred on the nutritious food program is 0.407. The correlation coefficient obtained is of medium strength, however the data variables presented in the research is of real life scenario and such strength of relationships between two variables is acceptable but there still lies scope of improvement.

 

Leprosy is another health issue that needs to be tackled efficiently in Chhattisgarh, Table 5 presents the Leprosy Prevalence rate that is being observed in the state in various years.

 

Table 5 Leprosy Prevalence rate in Chhattisgarh

Year	Number of Cases Detected/10000	Change in prevalence rate (in 10 Years)	Inference
2001-2002	8.2	-0.605	An average decline of 0.6 cases per 10000 person of leprosy per year
2011-2012	2.15

Source: Economic Survey of Chhattisgarh of Various years

 

Figure 4 Trend for Leprosy prevalence rate in Chhattisgarh

 

From the table above it is clear that there is decline in the leprosy prevalence rate. The number of cases per 10000 people in Chhattisgarh in the year 2001-2002 was 8.2 which came down to 2.15 in the year 2011-2012. The change in the prevalence rate observed through slope analysis is 0.605 per year, this of change in prevalence rate is showing a declining trend.

 

Table 6 Budget for Control of Leprosy in Chhattisgarh

Year	Budget for Leprosy Control in Chhattisgarh (In Lakhs)
2009-2010	160
2010-2011	190.23
2011-2012	240.35
2012-2013	284
2013-2014	331.64
2014-2015	361.4
2015-2016	469

Source: State wise Budget report for Health

 

Figure 6 Trend for budget for control of Leprosy in Chhattisgarh

 

The declination observed in the prevalence rate of leprosy in the Chhattisgarh State is a positive sign and is a good indicator towards the improving health of the residents of Chhattisgarh. The declination observed in the trend can be due to various state run programs to tackle the danger of leprosy in the state. For tackling the same state government run many programs such as root level information and awareness spread about the disease, subsidized treatment, specialized treatment centre, free medication and many more. These programs require funds and only improvement in funds will help in effective implementation of programs. Table 6 presents the budget for leprosy control in Chhattisgarh, all amount mentioned are in Lakhs Rupees. The budget for year 2009-2010 for control of leprosy in Chhattisgarh was 160 Lakhs, for 2010-2001 it was 190.23, for 2011-2012 it was 240.35, for 2012-2013 it was 284, for 2013-2014 it was 331.64, for 2014-2014 it was 361.4, for 2015-2016 it was 469. The budget sanctioned for the leprosy control in Chhattisgarh grew at rate of 48.594 Lakh Rupees per year and its effects are visible on the leprosy prevalence rate in the state, due to increased funds the programs got implemented efficiently and resulted in decreased number of positive leprosy cases per 10000 people.

 

CONCLUSION:

From the analysis, the following conclusions can be derived

1.        Number of nutritious food programs running in the state of Chhattisgarh is on the rise.

2.        The increased number of food programs indicate that the state government has taken a note of the nutrition deficiency in the state and is working hard to improve the nutrition status of the state.

3.        Correlation coefficient indicates that the expenditure and the number of beneficiaries from the nutrition food program is having a significant positive correlation, but the strength of relationship is low, this might be due to technical hurdles involved in implementation of programs on ground, but still the strength of relationship can be improved.

4.        Leprosy cases were frequent in Chhattisgarh, the prevalence rate was needed to be controlled. The flow of expenditure on control of leprosy has resulted in decreased prevalence rate of leprosy in the state thus indicating the improvement in health condition of residents of Chhattisgarh

 

REFERENCES

1.         Subramanian SV,Ackerson LK, SubramanyamMA, Sivaramakrishnan K, Health Inequalities in India: The Axes of Stratifi cation. Brown J World Aff 2008;14:127-38.

2.         Miraj M, Ali S. Public Health Scenario in India: Challenges for the 21st century.BiosciBiotechnol ResCommun2010;3:1-6. Available from: http:// www.bbrc.in/contents/jun2010/1.pdf [Last accessed on 2013 Mar 10].

3.         Statistical Abstract for Chhattisgarh, Various Years

4.         Economic Survey of Chhattisgarh, Various Years

5.         5th Common Review Mission, Chhattisgarh, 2011. Page no 7. 5. Available from: http://www.cg.gov.in/Archive. [Last accessed on 2013 Oct 10].

6.         Balgir RS. Genetic disease burden, nutrition and determinants of tribal health care in Chhattisgarh state of Central East India: A status paper. Online J Health Allied Sci 2011;10:4.